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111Islamic arts — Visual, literary, and performing arts of the populations that adopted Islam from the 7th century. Islamic visual arts are decorative, colourful, and, in religious art, nonrepresentational; the characteristic Islamic decoration is the arabesque.… …
112Lugo, Fernando — ▪ 2009 Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez born May 30, 1951, San Pedro del Paraná, Itapúa province, Para. On Aug. 15, 2008, former Roman Catholic bishop Fernando Lugo was inaugurated president of Paraguay after having led an opposition coalition …
113Tragic Optimism for a Millennial Dawning — ▪ 1999 Introduction by Stephen Jay Gould Stephen Jay Gould, Professor of Geology and Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology at Harvard University since 1973, has gained worldwide renown as a paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and, not least,… …
114arts, East Asian — Introduction music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature. Some studies of East Asia… …
115English literature — Introduction the body of written works produced in the English language by inhabitants of the British Isles (including Ireland) from the 7th century to the present day. The major literatures written in English outside the British Isles are… …
116Ford, Betty — ▪ American first lady née Elizabeth Anne Bloomer born April 8, 1918, Chicago, Illinois, U.S. American first lady (1974–77), the wife of Gerald Ford (Ford, Gerald R.), 38th president of the United States, and founder of the Betty Ford… …
117French literature — Introduction the body of written works in the French language produced within the geographic and political boundaries of France. The French language was one of the five major Romance languages to develop from Vulgar Latin as a result of the …
118Islāmic world — Introduction prehistory and history of the Islamic community. Adherence to Islām is a global phenomenon: Muslims predominate in some 30 to 40 countries, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and along a belt that stretches across northern… …
119Japanese literature — Introduction the body of written works produced by Japanese authors in Japanese or, in its earliest beginnings, at a time when Japan had no written language, in the Chinese classical language. Both in quantity and quality, Japanese… …
120perciform — ▪ fish order Introduction any member of the order Perciformes, a group of bony fishes with more than 6,000 species placed in about 150 families. The order is the largest group of fishes in the world today. Perciform fishes occur in… …
